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War Of Frontier And Empire
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Review
“A timely, deft reexamination… It is a quick and sobering study.†―Peter Kneisel, The Boston Globe“Ironic, bloody, full of foreshadowing: a solid work.†―Kirkus Reviews (starred review)“Mr. Silbey tells this little-known story in exemplary fashion.†―Adam Kirsch, The New York Sun
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About the Author
David J. Silbey is an associate professor of European history at Alvernia College in Reading, Pennsylvania
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Product details
Paperback: 294 pages
Publisher: Hill & Wang; 1st edition (March 4, 2008)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 9780809096619
ISBN-13: 978-0809096619
ASIN: 0809096617
Product Dimensions:
5.5 x 0.7 x 8.5 inches
Shipping Weight: 15.8 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review:
4.0 out of 5 stars
31 customer reviews
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#880,704 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
A War of Frontier and Empire: The Philippine-American War, 1899-1902 by David J. Silbey, is the history of a little known conflict, an outgrowth of the Spanish-American War. Our nation, takings its first steps as a world power, easily defeated the Spanish in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. But the Philippines had a native, organized army, which actually fought most of the war against the Spanish. It was the hope of this government that American intervention would lead to immediate independence.This was not the case. The United States instead fought a conventional campaign against the Filipino army. These set piece battles caused high casualty rates on the Filipino side. Then war then shifted to an insurgency/guerrilla campaign, and although the Filipinos were more successful at this stage, eventually America won the war and occupied the island. Silbey’s conclusions about the war and American presence in the Philippines will no doubt ruffle some feathers. He views the American occupation as beneficial to the Philippines and its people. No doubt, many would argue this point.Despite this, Sibley shines a fascinating light on American intervention abroad in the early days of our nation as a world power.
Previously, historians have framed the American-Philippine War in the context of an insurgency. David Silbey, however, argues that even though "at the time of the conflict, the Philippine nation was barely formed," to label the war as an insurgency disregards the fact that "the two sides were both states substantially sovereign, using conventional armies, fighting conventional battles, with conventional lines and weapons" (xvi, 215). It was indeed a war of revolution and freedom from imperial rule from the Philippine perspective and a war that inaugurated the United States as a "Pacific power" under the auspices of "a new manifest destiny that saw the United States as too powerful to confine itself to one continent or hemisphere" (213, 215). Silbey's tome provides a brief military and political analysis of the American-Philippine War, arguing that the war itself can be separated into three separate conflicts: The Filipino struggle against Spanish rule, the formal struggle against the U.S. military and the ensuing guerrilla war. Moreover, Silbey argues that the U.S. was not as brutal in the conflict or as an imperial power as is often portrayed. The transition to Philippine independence following WWII was eased due to the relationships that formed with Filipino elites who "came to an accommodation with the Americans," and "in essence agreeing to integration rather than submission" (208). Filipinos, although still viewed as "inferior" in American eyes, were still held in higher esteem than other races. Overall, Silbey's book provides a solid introduction and overview of the war.In his first two chapters, Silbey lays out the relationship between the Philippines and their centuries old colonial masters, the Spanish, by the dawn of the twentieth century. He indicates the Spanish economic priority given to Manila, as well as the regional trade networks, while briefly discussing the role of the Catholic Church in the remaining islands. Furthermore, he details his "first conflict" in which Filipino forces unite, although loosely, under the leadership of the elitist Emilio Aguinaldo, throwing off Spanish control with the assistance of U.S. forces during the Spanish-American War. He also sets the stage for U.S. Pacific imperialism with the build-up of its naval forces (after the publishing of Mahan's groundbreaking book on naval power) and the "continuing sense of American exceptionalism" that demanded a "new frontier" (23-24).Silbey introduces, arguably, the first "imperial president," William McKinley and the push toward war with Spain due to perceived Spanish mistreatment of Cubans, yellow journalism and the explosion of the USS Maine in his second chapter. Silbey informs the reader of McKinley's main rationales for keeping the Philippines as well as the key reasons for why war finally broke out between Filipino and American military forces. Throughout his book, Silbey also provides decent descriptions of the ambitions, relative to their roles in the war, of major U.S. political and military leaders such as Theodore Roosevelt, George Dewey, Arthur MacArthur, William McKinley and others. He also delves into the role of Emilio Aguinaldo and his struggles to unite the various generals and elites who represent the Filipino army and insurectos.In the second conflict, Silbey accounts for the defeat of the Filipino army (the Army of Liberation), pointing out that it was predominantly a "patron army," whose leadership lacked unity. Key Filipino generals sought their own empowerment, including Aguinaldo who had at least one of his generals assassinated. Furthermore, following U.S. victory in 1899 (although this was in reality a perceived victory), the U.S. Senate, torn between imperialists and anti-imperialists, engaged in a heated debate over ratification of a treaty to annex the Philippines.Silbey indicates a critical transition in the conflict in his fifth chapter. Here, he describes the impact of the Filipino decision to transition to guerrilla warfare. By turning to guerrilla warfare, Silbey contends, the populace was convinced that the hope for an independent nation was lost. Moreover, generals and other Filipino elites increasingly acquiesced to the Americans, taking government roles in the new U.S. administration. The U.S. established Western law codes (a supreme court, for example) as well as taxation systems under the guidance of local elites. However, by 1900, guerrilla attacks on U.S. forces in the Philippines were increasing while political (Taft) and military (MacArthur) officials "butted heads." Silbey's account of the guerrilla warfare of this period is eerily similar to the Vietnam War.Although Silbey's account is militarily and politically focused, he does mention, in various chapters, issues of racial perceptions amongst American citizens and soldiers. Moreover, his comparisons between African-American and Filipino treatment by the U.S. is brief, but certainly appropriate. However, this played a larger role in the conflict than Silbey cares to admit. U.S. atrocities are barely mentioned. This book is, at best, a superficial analysis. I highly recommend Paul Kramer's Blood in Government rather than this work.
The interaction of military and political aspects of this forgotten war is well detailed. The difficulties surmounted by the American soldier in the Philippines were more than those of any other war. The American victory should be better remembered. There should have been more emphasis on the civic action side.
The links of history within the War are impressive. It's expression in strategic policies and the implementation qualified by the wisdom of combat give this a history with a soul. It is a shame that this war could have added lessons learned so as to have our soldiers of wars of Iraq and Afghanistan, not just Vietnam have the insights for dealing with the guilt and suffering of PTSD, while not being avoided, but better understood.
This author makes the history come alive. I was given his book on the Boxer Rebellion in China and enjoyed it so much that I searched for more books by him. I wish he would write more. This is a period of history in which I was woefully ignorant. So well written!!
A well told story regarding a war little known much less understood. Well organized and detailed. A solid read for the historian and student of America's " little wars " You get a good overview as well as solid detail, warts and all.
interesting, well written book. enjoyable read.
A very descriptive narration of the somewhat controversial conflict. Listing the units and where they were based and the areas of operation did help pinpoint historical facts. The concepts and ideas and execution of planned policy shed light on how events developed as they did. Well written. >>
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